четверг, 14 мая 2009 г.

Functional dyspepsia: unraveling the relation between symptoms and mechanisms PART1


aritcle by G. Vantrappen
Corresponding address: G. Vantrappen, M.D. Department of Medicine University of Leuven ZU Gasthuisberg Herestraat 49 B-3000 Leuven Belgium

Tel.: +32-16-3442 25, fax: +32-16-3444 19


Functional dyspepsia is a clinical syndrome defined by chronic or recurrent epigastric symptoms without identifiable cause when investigated by conventional means, including endoscopy with biopsies, radiology, and ultrasonography. The symptoms, which are assumed to be sugges­tive of upper gastrointestinal dysfunction, include fullness, discomfort and pain, early satietv, bloating and belching, and nausea and vomiting. The mechanisms thought to be involved in causing these symptoms include:

a) motility disturbances such as antral hypo-motility and delayed gastric emptying, gastric dysrhythmias,

and impaired gastric accom­modation;

b) visceral hyper­sensitivity due to peripheral mechanisms such as enhanced sensitivity of afferent fibers, or due to central mechanisms such as central amplification of nor­mal visceral input or increased vigilance towards expected pain­ful stimuli; and

c) Helicobacter ■pylori gastritis.


A major problem with the concept of functional dyspepsia is the uncertainty about the relation between symptoms and functional disturbances. In some instances, this relation has been fairly well established, e.g. in the relation between heartburn and acid gastroesophageal reflux. Although all aspects of the rela­tion have not been completely elucidated, there is little doubt that acid gastroesophageal reflux may lead to clinically relevant symptoms and esophagitis, and that treatment of acid reflux improves these symptoms and heals the lesions. Heartburn as a dominant symptom is therefore no longer considered to be part of the dyspepsia syndrome.

Two important papers were published in 1998 that shed new light on the relation between dyspeptic symptoms and physio­logical disturbances.

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